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Use the latest version of macOS

The first step is to make sure that you're using the latest version of macOS. Back up your important information and then update the software on your Mac.

Check your sound settings

Macs have voice dictation built-in, allowing you to talk instead of type. This feature functions more like voice dictation on a mobile operating. Voice Dream Reader for PC (Windows 7/8/Mac) – Free Download Voice Dream is a reader of ebooks that interprets texts and has great features. Our opinion about Voice Dream Reader for PC.

If you still can't hear sound from the internal speakers after updating your computer's software, check your sound settings.

First, disconnect any external audio devices from your computer. Also disconnect any cables from the USB, Thunderbolt, FireWire, or 3.5mm audio ports.

  1. From the Apple () menu, choose System Preferences.
  2. Select Sound.
  3. Click the Output tab, then select Internal Speakers. If you don’t see Internal Speakers as an option in the Output window, contact Apple Support.
  4. If the volume slider is set low, move the slider to the right and test again.
  5. If the Mute checkbox is selected, deselect it and test again.
  6. If you still don’t hear any sound, contact Apple Support.

Screen reader keyboard shortcuts > VoiceOver on a Mac

Also available in a single-page printer-friendly PDF version.

VoiceOver for macOS, first introduced in Mac OS X 10.4 in 2005, is a screen reader program that comes on new Mac computers. A variation of VoiceOver is also available on iPhones, iPads, and iPod touches.

Note:

VoiceOver works best with Safari. If you try to use it with any other browser, it may work for some things, but not as consistently as with Safari.
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Keyboard Accessibility on a Mac

Keyboard accessibility is NOT enabled by default on a Mac. Your accessibility and screen reader test results will be inaccurate if you do not enable keyboard accessibility in the following two places:

  1. System Settings: Keyboard > Shortcuts > Full Keyboard Access > All controls
  2. Safari Settings: Advanced > Accessibility > Press Tab to highlight each item on a webpage.

The basics

Command + F5 starts the VoiceOver program. VoiceOver uses the Control and Option keys before each command. The combination is referred to as VO in the tables. The VO keys can be locked so that they do not need to be pressed to perform VoiceOver commands by pressing VO + ;.

Getting Started
TaskCommand
Start (or stop) VoiceOverCommand + F5
VoiceOver Activation keys (or VO keys)Control + Option (referenced as VO)
Lock (or unlock) VO keysVO + ;
Open rotor (see explanation below)VO + U
Reading
TaskCommand
Start readingVO + A
Stop readingControl
Read next itemVO + Right Arrow
Read previous itemVO + Left Arrow
Read paragraphVO + P
Read sentenceVO + S
Read word (press W multiple times to spell words alphabetically and phonetically)VO + W
Read from top to current locationVO + B
Jump to top of page (using desktop keyboards)VO + Home
Jump to top of page (using laptop keyboards)VO + Fn + Left Arrow
Jump to bottom of page (using desktop keyboards)VO + End
Jump to bottom of page (using laptop keyboards)VO + Fn + Right Arrow
Navigate table cellsVO + Arrow Keys ( or or or )
Select speech setting option (speaking rate, voice, pitch, etc.)VO + Command +
Right Arrow / Left Arrow
Modify the selected speech settingVO + Command + Up Arrow / Down Arrow

Navigation

The following shortcuts will help you navigate common page elements. You can press the Shift key with these commands to move to the previous occurrence.

Page Elements
TaskCommand
Go to next/previous focusable item (link, button, input, etc.)Tab / Shift + Tab
Next linkVO + Command + L
Next visited linkVO + Command + V
Next headingVO + Command + H
Next form controlVO + Command + J
Next tableVO + Command + T
Next listVO + Command + X
Next graphicVO + Command + G
Activate a link or form controlVO + Space Bar
Go to previous (heading, table, etc.)VO + Shift + Command + (H, T, etc.)
Interact with (go into/out of) objects (like iframes, menus, application regions, etc.)VO + Shift + Down Arrow / Up Arrow

The rotor

The VoiceOver 'rotor' feature helps users to do some frequently performed navigation actions quickly and easily.

Open the rotor by pressing VO + U, then use the Left Arrow and Right Arrow keys to choose between Tables, Frames, Images, Headers (heading elements), Links, Auto Web Spots (automatically generated list of structural and significant items on the page), Form controls, Web spots (user-identified page areas), Visited links, and Non-visited links. Once a page element type is selected, use the Up Arrow and Down Arrow to select a particular element and Enter to activate it. Escape exits the rotor.

Within the rotor, you can begin typing to filter the available elements. For example, with the Headers rotor open, pressing '2' will filter to second level headings. Typing 'nav' will filter to the headings that contain those characters.

Data tables

You can navigate tables in text areas by row and column, and sort by column. Cyberview x-sf for mac.

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Data Tables
TaskCommand
Read column headerVO + C
Read row from VO cursor location to end of rowVO + R
Read column from VO cursor location to bottom of columnVO + R + C
Move up or down in a columnUp Arrow or Down Arrow
Move across a rowLeft Arrow or Right Arrow

Additional resources

Apple provides VoiceOver user information at www.apple.com/voiceover/info/guide/.

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